Published August 8, 2012 By Felipe Umaña Briefing CCPPR12SD Report available in PDF and Flash formats

Sudan has been characterized by war and instability for over two decades and has twice been ranked at the top of the Failed States Index, in 2006 and 2007. Despite being very resource-rich, Sudan has experienced significant internal security challenges under the leadership of Omar al-Bashir, who himself became the first sitting leader of a country to be indicted by the International Criminal Court.

The outcome of a 2011 independence referendum split the former Sudan into two countries, creating the new nation of South Sudan after years of internal disagreements. Even after the secession of South Sudan, hostilities remain between both countries, with a return to violence a constant threat. The situation with South Sudan continues to add pressure to both countries, specifically in terms of a growing refugee population, weak and unpredictable economies, and inadequate and damaged infrastructure. This is compounded by ongoing conflict in the Darfur region of the country, where human rights abuses are endemic. Sudan’s economic situation will likely worsen given that most of its former oil fields now lie on the South Sudanese side of the border. Despite a slight improving trend from 2007 to 2011, Sudan’s myriad problems will continue to heavily overshadow any improvements.

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